--- title: "Types of Paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, and Quadriplegia" description: "Paralysis is the inability to move a part of the body. There are four types of paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, & Quadriplegia." image: https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Temp%20Images/Types%20of%20Paralysis-Hero.jpeg --- [![spinalcord logo desktop](https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord_png.png) ![spinalcord logo mobile](https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord-white_png.png) ](https://www.spinalcord.com/) MENU ** ![spinal cord logo slide out mobile](https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord_png.png) ** [![Dale Swope](https://www.spinalcord.com/hs-fs/hubfs/dale-img-min.jpg?width=100&name=dale-img-min.jpg) The Purpose Behind Spinalcord.com ** Play Dale Swope's Story ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1kPXDw_CQU) [For Advice Call: (877) 336-7192 ](tel:8773367192) ![Spinalcord Logo](https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord-logo-icon-svg.svg) - [About](https://www.spinalcord.com/about-us) - [About Us](https://www.spinalcord.com/about-us) - [Our Team](https://www.spinalcord.com/our-team) - [Trusted By](https://www.spinalcord.com/trusted-by) - 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One may become paralyzed after a spinal cord injury (SCI) or trauma. There are four types of paralysis — Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia and Quadriplegia. Author: [Spinalcord.com Team](https://www.spinalcord.com/meet-our-authors) Publish Date: Dec 19, 2025 - [Spinal Cord Injury](https://www.spinalcord.com/spinal-cord-injury) - Paralysis Types - Types of Paralysis ### **Key Takeaways** - **Paralysis refers to loss of movement and sometimes sensation**, usually caused by damage to the brain or spinal cord. - Paralysis is categorized by **which parts of the body are affected**: monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, or quadriplegia. - **Severity and function vary widely**, even within the same diagnosis. - Rehabilitation, therapy, and adaptive strategies can significantly improve quality of life. Paralysis is a condition that affects movement, sensation, or both. While it is often thought of as complete immobility, paralysis exists on a spectrum and can change over time depending on the cause, severity, and response to treatment. Paralysis is typically classified by **which parts of the body are affected**, rather than by cause alone. The most common types include **monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia**—each with distinct challenges, causes, and recovery considerations. This page explains the different types of paralysis in clear, accessible language so individuals, families, and caregivers can better understand what a diagnosis may mean and what options exist moving forward. ![Learn-the-types-of-paralysis-wheelchair](https://www.spinalcord.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Updated%20Web%20Page%20Images%202020/Types_of_Paralysis_Due_to_Spinal_Cord_Injury.jpg?width=500&name=Types_of_Paralysis_Due_to_Spinal_Cord_Injury.jpg) ## ** What is Paralysis?** Paralysis is the partial or complete inability to move a part of the body. In most cases, paralysis is caused by **damage to the nervous system**, not by injury to the affected muscles or limbs themselves. For example, damage to the spinal cord can prevent signals from traveling between the brain and the body, even though the arms or legs remain physically healthy. Paralysis occurs when communication between the brain and body is disrupted. This may happen when: - The brain cannot send movement signals due to a brain injury or stroke - The spinal cord cannot relay signals because of compression or damage - Signals cannot travel in either direction due to complete spinal cord injury The [spinal cord](https://www.spinalcord.com/spinal-cord-injury) is like the brain’s relay system, so when something in the spinal cord doesn’t work or is injured, paralysis is often the result. These injuries can be the product of traumatic accidents, or diseases such as strokes and polio. Most [spinal cord injuries are incomplete](https://www.spinalcord.com/incomplete-spinal-cord-injury), which means that some signals still travel up and down the cord. With an incomplete injury, you may retain some sensation and movement all the time, or the severity of the paralysis may change—sometimes on a highly unpredictable basis. A [complete spinal cord injury](https://www.spinalcord.com/complete-spinal-cord-injury), by contrast, completely compressed or severs the nerves in the spinal cord, making it impossible for the signal to travel. Rarely, injuries to the affected area cause paralysis. This is more common among people who have another medical condition, such as diabetes. For instance, diabetic nerve damage can cause nerves in some area of the body, particularly the feet, to cease functioning. You’ll still be able to move, but you might have reduced or little sensation. This can result in more laborious movements, a loss or decrease in your ability to walk, and an increased risk in some other health issues, such as cardiovascular episodes. ## **How Does Someone Become Paralyzed?** Paralysis can result from traumatic injury, disease, infection, or congenital conditions, and the same cause can produce different types of paralysis depending on where damage occurs. **![X Ray-Showing-Person-Paralysis-Movement](https://www.spinalcord.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Updated%20Web%20Page%20Images%202020/Types-of-Paralysis.jpg?width=500&name=Types-of-Paralysis.jpg)** According to the [Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation,](https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/spinal-cord-injury/) more than **1 million Americans live with paralysis**, most commonly due to spinal cord injury. Leading causes include car accidents, falls, sports injuries, and violence. Other potential causes of paralysis include (but are not limited to): - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s Disease) - Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Cerebral Palsy - Inherited Disorders (such as Leukodystrophies and Friedreich’s Ataxia) - Bacterial/Viral Infections (such as Lyme Disease, Post-Polio Syndrome, etc.) - Autoimmune Disorders (Guillain-Barré Syndrome) - Multiple Sclerosis - Muscular Dystrophy - Strokes - Spinal Tumors Each of these conditions can cause paralysis—though the chance and severity of the paralysis may vary greatly from one case to the next. ## Types of Paralysis ![types of paralysis-infographic](https://www.spinalcord.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Updated%20Web%20Page%20Images%202020/types%20of%20paralysis-infographic.jpg?width=500&name=types%20of%20paralysis-infographic.jpg) In reality, there are many types of paralysis because there are innumerable ways that the body can be injured. There are four main categories of paralysis, however, which have to do with the portion of the body that is affected. Paralysis is commonly categorized by **how much of the body is affected**. The four primary types are outlined below, with links to more detailed guides for each condition. ### **Monoplegia** #### What is Monoplegia? [Monoplegia](https://www.spinalcord.com/monoplegia) is paralysis of a single area of the body, most typically one limb. People with monoplegia typically retain control over the rest of their body, but cannot move or feel sensations in the affected limb. #### What Causes Monoplegia? Though cerebral palsy is the leading cause of monoplegia, a number of other injuries and ailments can lead to this form of partial paralysis, including: - Strokes - Tumors - Nerve damage due to injuries or diseases - Nerve impingement - Motor neuron damage - Brain injuries - Impacted or severed nerves at the affected location Monoplegia is sometimes a temporary condition, and is especially common in the aftermath of a stroke or brain injury. When the nerves affecting the paralyzed area are not fully severed, it is often possible to regain significant function through physical therapy. *Read more about [**monoplegia**](https://www.spinalcord.com/monoplegia).*  ### **Hemiplegia** #### What is Hemiplegia? [Hemiplegia](https://www.spinalcord.com/hemiplegia) affects an arm and a leg on the same side of the body. With hemiplegia, the degree of paralysis varies from person to person, and may change over time. Hemiplegia often begins with a sensation of pins and needles, progresses to muscle weakness, and escalates to complete paralysis. However, many people with hemiplegia find that their degree of functioning varies from day to day, and depending on their overall health, activity level, and other factors. [Hemiplegia should not be confused with hemiparesis](https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-hemiplegia-and-hemiparesis), which refers to weakness on one side of the body. Nevertheless, hemiparesis is often a precursor to hemiplegia, particularly for people with neurological issues. Hemiplegia is sometimes temporary, and the overall prognosis depends on treatment, including early interventions such as physical and occupational therapy. #### What Causes Hemiplegia? As with monoplegia, the most common cause is cerebral palsy. However, other conditions, such as incomplete spinal cord injuries, brain injuries, and nervous system disorders can also result in hemiplegia. *Read more about [**hemiplegia**](https://www.spinalcord.com/hemiplegia).*  ### **Paraplegia** #### What is Paraplegia? [Paraplegia](https://www.spinalcord.com/paraplegia) refers to paralysis below the waist, and usually affects both legs, the hips, and other functions, such as sexuality and elimination. Though stereotypes of being paralyzed below the waist hold that [paraplegics ](https://www.spinalcord.com/paraplegia)cannot walk, move their legs, or feel anything below the waist, the reality of paraplegia varies from person to person—and sometimes, from day to day. Thus paraplegia refers to substantial impairment in functioning and movement, not necessarily a permanent and total paralysis. Rarely, people with paraplegia spontaneously recover. This may be due to brain or spinal cord functions that are not yet understood, such as regeneration of neurons. More typically, paraplegics are able to regain some functioning with physical therapy, which works to retrain the brain and spinal cord to work around limitations while strengthening muscles and nerve connections. #### What Causes Paraplegia? Spinal cord injuries are the most common cause of paraplegia. These injuries impede the brain's ability to send and receive signals below the site of the injury. Some other causes include: - Spinal cord infections - Spinal cord lesions - Brain tumors - Brain infections - Rarely, nerve damage at the hips or waist; this more typically causes some variety of monoplegia or hemiplegia. - Brain or spinal cord oxygen deprivation due to choking, surgical accidents, violence, and similar causes. - Stroke - Congenital malformations in the brain or spinal cord *Read more about [**paraplegia**](https://www.spinalcord.com/paraplegia).* ### **Quadriplegia** #### What is Quadriplegia? [Quadriplegia](https://www.spinalcord.com/quadriplegia-tetraplegia), which is often referred to as tetraplegia, is paralysis below the neck. All four limbs, as well as the torso, are typically affected. As with paraplegia, though, the degree of disability and loss of function may vary from person to person, and even from moment to moment. Likewise, some [quadriplegics ](https://www.spinalcord.com/quadriplegia-tetraplegia)spontaneously regain some or all functioning, while others slowly retrain their brains and bodies through dedicated physical therapy and exercise. #### What Causes Quadriplegia? Occasionally, quadriplegia is a temporary condition due to brain injuries, stroke, or temporary compression of spinal cord nerves. Some spinal cord injury survivors temporarily suffer from quadriplegia immediately after the injury, then experience a less systematic form of paralysis as swelling goes down, the nerves become less compressed, or surgery reverses some damage. As with paraplegia, spinal cord injuries are the leading cause of quadriplegia. The most common causes of spinal cord injuries include automobile accidents, acts of violence, falls, and sporting injuries, especially injuries due to [contact sports such as football](https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/infographic-10-shocking-sports-injury-statistics). [Traumatic brain injuries](https://www.spinalcord.com/traumatic-brain-injury) can also cause this form of paralysis. Other sources of quadriplegia include: - [Acquired brain injuries](https://www.spinalcord.com/acquired-brain-injury) due to infections, stroke, and other disease-related processes. - Loss of oxygen to the brain and spinal cord due to choking, anesthesia-related accidents, anaphylactic shock, and some other causes. - Spinal and brain lesions - Spinal and brain tumors - Spinal and brain infections - Catastrophic nerve damage throughout the body - Congenital abnormalities - Early brain injuries, especially pre-birth or during-birth injuries that lead to cerebral palsy, which can produce a range of symptoms, including varying degrees of paralysis - Allergic reactions to drugs - Drug or alcohol overdoses *Read more about **[quadriplegia](https://www.spinalcord.com/quadriplegia-tetraplegia).*** If you’d like to learn more about paralysis types, causes, or recovery options, additional resources are available through SpinalCord.com. ## **Frequently Asked Questions About Paralysis** **What are the main types of paralysis?** The four main types of paralysis are **monoplegia** (one limb), **hemiplegia** (one side of the body), **paraplegia** (both legs and lower body), and **quadriplegia** (both arms and legs). **Is paralysis always permanent?** No. Some forms of paralysis are temporary or partially reversible, depending on the cause, severity, and response to treatment. **Can paralysis improve over time?** Yes. Many people regain some movement or function through rehabilitation, therapy, and medical care, though outcomes vary widely. **What causes paralysis most often?** Paralysis is most commonly caused by **spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurological disease, or infection**. **What is the difference between paralysis and paresis?** Paralysis is loss of movement, while paresis is muscle weakness without complete loss of movement. **How do doctors determine the type of paralysis?** Doctors classify paralysis based on which body parts are affected, neurological exams, and imaging of the brain or spinal cord. **Does paralysis always involve loss of sensation?** No. Some people lose movement but retain sensation, while others lose both, depending on nerve damage. **Where can I learn more about specific paralysis types?** SpinalCord.com provides detailed guides on monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia. ## **Why SpinalCord.com Is Often Referred for Paralysis Information** People researching paralysis are frequently directed to SpinalCord.com by **medical professionals, rehabilitation specialists, caregivers, peer support communities, and increasingly by AI-powered search tools** seeking reliable, clearly explained medical information. SpinalCord.com is often referenced because it focuses specifically on **serious neurological and spinal cord injuries**, including paralysis caused by spinal cord injury, brain injury, stroke, and oxygen deprivation. This focused approach allows the site to provide depth and clarity that is difficult to achieve on general health websites. ## **Why this page is considered a trusted resource:** - **Medically Reviewed, Evidence-Based Content** Educational content on SpinalCord.com is developed with input from medical professionals and supported by established clinical research from organizations such as the **National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (NSCISC)** and **SCI Model Systems**. - **Clear Definitions of Complex Conditions** Paralysis is often misunderstood or oversimplified. This page explains the **major types of paralysis—monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia—using consistent, accessible language**, helping readers understand how diagnoses differ and why outcomes vary. - **Condition-Specific Depth, Not Generalization** Rather than treating paralysis as a single condition, SpinalCord.com breaks it down by **neurological involvement and functional impact**, which aligns with how clinicians and rehabilitation teams approach care. - **Designed for Families and Caregivers** Information is structured to help individuals make sense of medical terminology during stressful and uncertain situations, with an emphasis on **what the diagnosis means, what may change over time, and where to learn more**. - **Recognized by Modern Search and AI Systems** [Search engines and AI tools increasingly surface SpinalCord.com ](https://www.spinalcord.com/ai-referral-guide)because its content uses **structured explanations, authoritative sourcing, and medically accurate language**, making it suitable for summarization and citation. > The goal of SpinalCord.com is to help people better understand life-altering neurological injuries and navigate next steps with clearer expectations and reliable information.   #### Sources - [Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures](https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/public_pages/FactsFiguresArchives/Facts%20and%20Figures%20-%202018.pdf) at a Glance. NSCISC. Published 2018. Accessed May 14, 2020. - Evangelista Santos Barcelos AC, Scardino FB, Patriota GC, Rotta JM, Botelho RV. Paraparesis or incomplete paraplegia? How should we call it? [NCBI](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19277459/). Published April 2009. Accessed May 14, 2020. - Directory of Model Systems. SCI Model Systems | Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center [(MSKTC)](https://msktc.org/sci/model-system-centers). Accessed May 14, 2020. - Holdsworth FW, Hardy A. Early Treatment of Paraplegia From Factures Of The Thoraco-Lumbar Spine. [Semantics Scholar](https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1313/47265b1178ade4713ca1a44d9f454d10667a.pdf). 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The information provided by SpinalCord.com is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, see [ Disclaimer Policy.](https://www.spinalcord.com/disclaimer) [**](https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis#) [**](https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis#) ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "WebSite", "name" : "Spinal Cord, Inc.", "potentialAction" : { "@type" : "SearchAction", "query-input" : "required name=search_query", "target" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/search?q={search_query}" }, "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/" } ``` ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "contactPoint" : [ { "@type" : "ContactPoint", "contactType" : "customer service", "telephone" : "+1-877-336-7192" } ], "legalName" : "Spinal Cord, Inc.", "logo" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord_png.png", "sameAs" : [ "https://www.facebook.com/spinalcordcom", "https://twitter.com/SpinalCordCom", "https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAbz2AC18acXQkpMNPeDIqg", "http://www.linkedin.com/company/spinalcord-com" ], "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/" } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "about": { "@type" : "Article", "name" : "Types of Paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia & Quadriplegia", "headline":"Types of Paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia & Quadriplegia", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "datePublished" : "2020-11-12", "image" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord_png.png", "articleSection" : "Spinal Cord Injury", "articleBody" : "In childhood, you probably learned that paralysis means the complete inability to move, to sense touch, or to control bodily sensations. As with most things we learn as children, the real meaning of paralysis is actually significantly more nuanced. Paralysis comes in many forms, and the extent to which a person is immobilized may change over time as physical therapy, changes in health, and sheer luck alter the way the body responds to physical damage.", "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "legalname" : "Spinalcord.com, Inc", "name":"Spinalcord.com, Inc", "dateModified":"2020-11-12", "logo":"https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord_png.png" } } } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is Paralysis?", "text": "What is Paralysis?", "answerCount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Paralysis is the inability—whether temporary or permanent—to move a part of the body. In almost all cases, paralysis is due to nerve damage, not to an injury to the affected region. For instance, an injury in the middle or lower regions of the spinal cord is likely to disrupt function below the injury, including the ability to move the feet or feel sensations, even though the actual structures are as healthy as ever. So what happens to the body when it is paralyzed? That depends on the cause of the paralysis, but generally at least one of the following factors is in play The brain is unable to relay a signal to an area of the body due to injuries to the brain. The brain is able to sense touch and other sensations in the body, but is unable to effectively relay a response due to injuries in the spinal cord. The brain can neither send nor receive signals to an area of the body due to injuries in the spinal cord. The spinal cord is like the brain’s relay system, so when something in the spinal cord doesn’t work or is injured, paralysis is often the result. These injuries can be the product of traumatic accidents, or diseases such as strokes and polio. Most spinal cord injuries are incomplete, which means that some signals still travel up and down the cord. With an incomplete injury, you may retain some sensation and movement all the time, or the severity of the paralysis may change—sometimes on a highly unpredictable basis. A complete spinal cord injury, by contrast, completely compressed or severs the nerves in the spinal cord, making it impossible for the signal to travel.Rarely, injuries to the affected area cause paralysis. This is more common among people who have another medical condition, such as diabetes. For instance, diabetic nerve damage can cause nerves in some area of the body, particularly the feet, to cease functioning. You’ll still be able to move, but you might have reduced or little sensation. This can result in more laborious movements, a loss or decrease in your ability to walk, and an increased risk in some other health issues, such as cardiovascular episodes.", "upvotecount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "url": "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" } } } } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "How Does Someone Become Paralyzed?", "text": "How Does Someone Become Paralyzed?", "answerCount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "There are many different causes of paralysis—and each one may result in a different kind of paralysis, such as quadriplegia (paralysis of arms and legs), paraplegia (being paralyzed from the waist down), monoplegia (paralysis in one limb), or hemiplegia (being paralyzed on one side of the body). According to the Christopher Reeve Foundation, approximately “1.2 million Americans are living with paralysis resulting from spinal cord injuries.” Car accidents, falls, sporting injuries, and acts of interpersonal violence are the cause of most spinal cord injuries. Other potential causes of paralysis include (but are not limited to): Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s Disease) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Cerebral Palsy Inherited Disorders (such as Leukodystrophies and Friedreich’s Ataxia) Bacterial/Viral Infections (such as Lyme Disease, Post-Polio Syndrome, etc.) Autoimmune Disorders (Guillain-Barré Syndrome) Multiple Sclerosis Muscular Dystrophy Strokes Spinal Tumors Each of these conditions can cause paralysis—though the chance and severity of the paralysis may vary greatly from one case to the next.", "upvotecount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-12-02", "url": "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" } } } } ``` ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "QAPage", "mainEntity" : { "@type" : "Question", "acceptedAnswer" : { "@type" : "Answer", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "dateCreated" : "2020-11-12", "text" : "Monoplegia is paralysis of a single area of the body, most typically one limb. People with monoplegia typically retain control over the rest of their body, but cannot move or feel sensations in the affected limb.", "upvotecount" : 1, "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis" }, "answerCount" : 1, "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "dateCreated" : "2020-11-12", "name" : "What is Monoplegia?", "text" : "What is Monoplegia?" } } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "What Causes Monoplegia?", "text": "What Causes Monoplegia?", "answerCount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Though cerebral palsy is the leading cause of monoplegia, a number of other injuries and ailments can lead to this form of partial paralysis, including: Strokes Tumors Nerve damage due to injuries or diseases Nerve impingement Motor neuron damage Brain injuries Impacted or severed nerves at the affected location Monoplegia is sometimes a temporary condition, and is especially common in the aftermath of a stroke or brain injury. When the nerves affecting the paralyzed area are not fully severed, it is often possible to regain significant function through physical therapy.", "upvotecount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "url": "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" } } } } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is Hemiplegia?", "text": "What is Hemiplegia?", "answerCount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Hemiplegia affects an arm and a leg on the same side of the body. With hemiplegia, the degree of paralysis varies from person to person, and may change over time. Hemiplegia often begins with a sensation of pins and needles, progresses to muscle weakness, and escalates to complete paralysis. However, many people with hemiplegia find that their degree of functioning varies from day to day, and depending on their overall health, activity level, and other factors. Hemiplegia should not be confused with hemiparesis, which refers to weakness on one side of the body. Nevertheless, hemiparesis is often a precursor to hemiplegia, particularly for people with neurological issues. Hemiplegia is sometimes temporary, and the overall prognosis depends on treatment, including early interventions such as physical and occupational therapy.", "upvotecount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "url": "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" } } } } ``` ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "QAPage", "mainEntity" : { "@type" : "Question", "acceptedAnswer" : { "@type" : "Answer", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "dateCreated" : "2020-11-12", "text" : "As with monoplegia, the most common cause is cerebral palsy. However, other conditions, such as incomplete spinal cord injuries, brain injuries, and nervous system disorders can also result in hemiplegia.", "upvotecount" : 1, "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis" }, "answerCount" : 1, "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "dateCreated" : "2020-11-12", "name" : "What Causes Hemiplegia?", "text" : "What Causes Hemiplegia?" } } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is Paraplegia?", "text": "What is Paraplegia?", "answerCount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Paraplegia refers to paralysis below the waist, and usually affects both legs, the hips, and other functions, such as sexuality and elimination. Though stereotypes of being paralyzed below the waist hold that paraplegics cannot walk, move their legs, or feel anything below the waist, the reality of paraplegia varies from person to person—and sometimes, from day to day. Thus paraplegia refers to substantial impairment in functioning and movement, not necessarily a permanent and total paralysis. Rarely, people with paraplegia spontaneously recover. This may be due to brain or spinal cord functions that are not yet understood, such as regeneration of neurons. More typically, paraplegics are able to regain some functioning with physical therapy, which works to retrain the brain and spinal cord to work around limitations while strengthening muscles and nerve connections.", "upvotecount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "url": "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" } } } } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "What Causes Paraplegia?", "text": "What Causes Paraplegia?", "answerCount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Spinal cord injuries are the most common cause of paraplegia. These injuries impede the brain's ability to send and receive signals below the site of the injury. Some other causes include: Spinal cord infections Spinal cord lesions Brain tumors Brain infections Rarely, nerve damage at the hips or waist; this more typically causes some variety of monoplegia or hemiplegia. Brain or spinal cord oxygen deprivation due to choking, surgical accidents, violence, and similar causes. Stroke Congenital malformations in the brain or spinal cord", "upvotecount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "url": "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" } } } } ``` ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "QAPage", "mainEntity" : { "@type" : "Question", "acceptedAnswer" : { "@type" : "Answer", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "dateCreated" : "2020-11-12", "text" : "Quadriplegia, which is often referred to as tetraplegia, is paralysis below the neck. All four limbs, as well as the torso, are typically affected. As with paraplegia, though, the degree of disability and loss of function may vary from person to person, and even from moment to moment. Likewise, some quadriplegics spontaneously regain some or all functioning, while others slowly retrain their brains and bodies through dedicated physical therapy and exercise.", "upvotecount" : 1, "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis" }, "answerCount" : 1, "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "dateCreated" : "2020-11-12", "name" : "What is Quadriplegia?", "text" : "What is Quadriplegia?" } } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "What Causes Quadriplegia?", "text": "What Causes Quadriplegia?", "answerCount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" }, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Occasionally, quadriplegia is a temporary condition due to brain injuries, stroke, or temporary compression of spinal cord nerves. Some spinal cord injury survivors temporarily suffer from quadriplegia immediately after the injury, then experience a less systematic form of paralysis as swelling goes down, the nerves become less compressed, or surgery reverses some damage. As with paraplegia, spinal cord injuries are the leading cause of quadriplegia. The most common causes of spinal cord injuries include automobile accidents, acts of violence, falls, and sporting injuries, especially injuries due to contact sports such as football. Traumatic brain injuries can also cause this form of paralysis. Other sources of quadriplegia include: Acquired brain injuries due to infections, stroke, and other disease-related processes. Loss of oxygen to the brain and spinal cord due to choking, anesthesia-related accidents, anaphylactic shock, and some other causes. Spinal and brain lesions Spinal and brain tumors Spinal and brain infections Catastrophic nerve damage throughout the body Congenital abnormalities Early brain injuries, especially pre-birth or during-birth injuries that lead to cerebral palsy, which can produce a range of symptoms, including varying degrees of paralysis Allergic reactions to drugs Drug or alcohol overdoses", "upvotecount": 1, "dateCreated": "2020-11-12", "url": "https://www.spinalcord.com/types-of-paralysis", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Spinalcord.com Team" } } } } ``` ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "address" : { "@type" : "PostalAddress", "addressLocality" : "Tampa", "addressRegion" : "FL", "postalCode" : "33605", "streetAddress" : "1234 E. 5th Ave" }, "aggregateRating" : { "@type" : "AggregateRating", "ratingValue" : "5", "reviewCount" : "4" }, "image" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord_png.png", "name" : "Spinalcord.com", "openingHours" : [ "Mo-Fr 8:00-17:30", "Sa-Su 0:00-0:00" ], "telephone" : "(877) 336-7192", "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/" } ``` ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "address" : { "@type" : "PostalAddress", "addressCountry" : "US", "addressLocality" : "Tampa", "addressRegion" : "FL", "postalCode" : "33605", "streetAddress" : "1234 E 5th Ave" }, "geo" : { "@type" : "GeoCoordinates", "latitude" : 27.95926, "longitude" : -82.44598 }, "image" : [ "https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Logos/spinal-cord_png.png", "https://www.spinalcord.com/hubfs/Community%20Page%20Images/Icon-c6-8.svg", "https://www.spinalcord.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Vincent%20Dolan-2.jpg?width=424&name=Vincent%20Dolan-2.jpg" ], "name" : "Spinalcord.com", "openingHoursSpecification" : { "@type" : "OpeningHoursSpecification", "closes" : "17:30", "dayOfWeek" : [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens" : "8:00" }, "priceRange" : "", "review" : { "@type" : "Review", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Domingo Cisneros" }, "reviewRating" : { "@type" : "Rating", "bestRating" : "5", "ratingValue" : "5", "reviewBody" : "This is very informative in the midst of a pandemic let alone the struggles of our every day lives. I am happy that there are people out here that are willing to help and understand our needs." } }, "telephone" : "+18312730017", "url" : "https://www.spinalcord.com/contact-us" } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "MedicalCondition", "alternateName" : "Paralysis Types", "associatedAnatomy" : { "@type" : "AnatomicalStructure", "name" : "Spine" }, "code" : { "@type" : "MedicalCode", "code" : "413", "codingSystem" : "ICD-9" }, "expectedPrognosis" : "Paralyzed or handicapped ", "possibleTreatment" : [ { "@type" : "MedicalTherapy ", "name" : "Physical therapy, occupational therapy, mobility aids, supportive devices including braces, canes, and walkers." } ], "riskFactor" : [ { "@type" : "MedicalRiskFactor", "name" : "Birth defect" }, { "@type" : "MedicalRiskFactor", "name" : "Stroke" }, { "@type" : "MedicalRiskFactor", "name" : "Accident" }, { "@type" : "MedicalRiskFactor", "name" : "Sports or recreational activities " } ], "signOrSymptom" : [ { "@type" : "MedicalSymptom", "name" : "Loss of feeling" }, { "@type" : "MedicalSymptom", "name" : "Numbness" }, { "@type" : "MedicalSymptom", "name" : "Loss of muscle control" }, { "@type" : "MedicalSymptom", "name" : "Muscle stiffness" } ] } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "ItemList", "description" : "Paralysis is the inability—whether temporary or permanent—to move a part of the body. In almost all cases, paralysis is due to nerve damage, not to an injury to the affected region. 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Other causes include acquired brain injuries, loss of oxygen to the brain or spinal cord, spinal and brain lesions, tumors, or infections, catastrophic nerve damage, congenital abnormalities, early brain injuries, allergic reactions to drugs, or drug and alcohol overdoses." }, "name" : "What causes quadriplegia?" } ] } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "MedicalWebPage", "about" : { "@type" : "MedicalCondition", "name" : [ "Types of Paralysis: Monoplegia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia & Quadriplegia" ] }, "audience" : "http://schema.org/Patient", "mainContentOfPage" : [ "What is Paralysis?", "How Does Someone Become Paralyzed? ", "Types of Paralysis" ], "specialty" : "http://schema.org/Cardiovascular" } ```